Built-up sheet-metal structure



H. B. LAYMAN.

BUILT-UP SHEET METAL STRUCTURE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 23. I917.

Patented June 6, 1922.

WITNESSES: I

nail-so stares pearau'r ornate.

HEBRON BERNARD LAYMAN, or BBONXVILL-E, NEW YORK.

BUILTJIP SHEETJNIETAL STRUCTURE;

Application filed May 23,

T all 10710127 itmag/ concern.

Be it known that 1, Hanson BERNARD LAYMAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Bronxville, in the county of livest- 5' chester, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Built-Up Sheet-Metal Structures, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to built-up structures, especially of sheet metal, such as pis tons, crank shafts, or to connecting rods (for example of the type disclosed iii-.UQS. Letters Patent No. 1,176,302), having bonded, welded, fused or integrated therewith a thin non-ferrous metal sleeve, forminga journal or hearing, and composed of such an alloy.

of metals that it will have good bearing.

properties, andwill retain these properties i when operated at relatively high temperaturesjmll be very ductile, hard, tough, take a high polish, and be of such high tensile strength, elongation and reduction, that-it spoinwelding, riveting, or; in any other de-- sirable way, and I then immerse the assembled partsin the molten alloy of metals at approximating the melting 1e par's to be welded or integrated.

JAM tels, which alloy, for example, relatively large proportions of copper c and nickel, with a small content of 1112-13, aluminum or manganese, which is added as a purifying agent to free the occluded. gases and also to harden the all y, l thencover this molten alloy with a an able flux: for example, one part calcium chloride, and two parts calcium fluoride, thus keeping; the oxygen of the air from contact with the metal. Then, into this fluxcovered molten alloy with its content of nickel, the temperature of which approxi- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 6, 1922.

1917. Serial No. 170,416.

mate s or exceeds the melting point of the article to be welded, I'immerse or dip the assembled parts. It is commonly known that the melting point of steels ranges from about 2350 degrees F. to about 2580 degrees F, so when I immerse the assembled to-be-welded parts in the molten alloy, I do not allow them to remain therein long enough to reach the melting temperature of the steel. The determination of the time to allow the assembled parts to remain in the alloy and .the judging of the time that they remain therein, are both matters requiring great skill. I prefer to do the pro-heating, if any is required, and the" immersing and the subsequent quenching and reheating by positively timed mechanical means, rather than by hand.

On removing the structure from the alloy and without affording it a chance to cool, it

is shaken to remove any surplus metal...

Thereafter, it is allowed to cool to the desired quenching temperature, which generally means a drop in temperature, of some hundreds of degrees .F., and with thinwalled structures in the examples cited, this occurs rapidly. It is then plunged into oil, water or brine, as may be necessitated. Thereafter, if desired, it may be reheated and quenched again, and some heat-treatmerits require the structure to be reheated a second time and tempered or drawn back. its is well known, the number of times the article is reheated and quenched depends upon the kind of material used, and the service to which the article is to be put. But, in any event, the welding alloy is such that the article may be reheated and quenched at any desired temperature any number of times.

By way of example drawing, I show my invention as applied to such a sheet metal connecting rod, as is described in U. S. Patent No. 1,176,302, issued to me March 21st, 1916.

the accompanying Fig l is a broken side elevation of an or bushing (Z of non-ferrous metal, for example, of the following analysis:

' Per cent. Copper 69.5 Nickel 29.00 Magnesium .5 Zinc 1.00

The melting temperature of this alloy is appoxnnately equal to that of steel, whereas the ordinary bearlng bronzes are of much lower melting point than steel.. The purpose of the content of nickel is to increase the melting temperature of the alloy and to toughen it. The purpose of the magnesium is to free the occluded gases, and the small" content of zinc is to render easierthe rolling or extruding of the metal.

In practice, I prefer to roll the bearing .metal alloy into strips, inwhich form it has a pronounced longitudinal grain structure,

then to cut the strips transversely into short lengths, and coil these lengths into tubes, so that the grain extends circumferentially of the tube, in which form the alloy possesses additional value as a bearing metal, but I may draw or exclude themetal into tubes or cast or forge it. V

In the course of making this rod 0 after the body sections '0 and the intermediate plate 0 are formed and apertured, I assemble the flanged bushings c and within these fit the bearing (Z. I'then use'the hearing asa tubular rivet, spinning over the ends to secure the flanged bushings to the rod.

At the crank end of the rod are flanged crank pin bushings c and a bearing meta] liner (2. These parts, though larger, correspond to the partsc and (Z of the piston end. i

In the course of manufacture after all the bushings are assembled with or upon the rod, the parts are fused together by im .005 to [030 in thickness, dependingupon V the service, and generally I prefer .015"

thick. i

In such a structureas a connecting rod or piston or crank shaft of a high-speed gasengine, the dissipation of the heat generated in the bearings is a very important factor. By my construction I obtain an integral strong head-end structure for the connecting rod showvinsmall and light'as possible, and having the ability to "radiate heat rapidly.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. A built-up sheet ferrous metal structure having integrated therewith a tubular non-ferrous metal bearing, in which the grain structure is circumferential of the bearing.

2. A built-up sheet metal structure having fused thereto a sleeve of non-ferrous sheet bearing metal, the metal of the bearing having substantially the same melting point as the metal of the structure.

3. A sheet metal structure having integrated therewith a bearing formed of an alloy comprising a relatively large proportion of copper and a constituent which will raise the melting point, in which the grain structure is circumferential of the bearing. 4. A ferrous metal connecting rod, or the like, having a cylindrical aperture lined with non-ferrous metal: which is permanently bonded or unified therewith, the metal of the lining having substantially the same melting point as the metal of the connecting rod. a 1

' In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

' unseen BERNARD LAYMAN. 

